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The Pyramid Theory

In 1931, H.W. Heinrich reported on a study of accidents that he classified according to severity. Heinrich's report showed that for each serious-injury incident, we could expect about 29 minor injuries and 300 near-miss or property-damage incidents. His conclusions are often depicted with a pyramid or triangle indicating a single serious incident at the peak and a broad base of non-injury incidents. In 1969, the Insurance Company of North America conducted a subsequent and more thoroughly documented study using more than 1.7 million incidents reported by nearly 300 companies in 21 industrial groups. That study revealed a similar ...

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